Chapter 1
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"Angola: A State of Flux," Africa Confidential [London],
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"Angola: Talks about Talks," Africa Confidential [London],
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Hammond, Richard J. Portugal and Africa, 1816-1910: A Study in
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------. "Some Economic Aspects of Portuguese Africa in the
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------. "Uneconomic Imperialism: Portugal in Africa Before 1910."
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Henderson, Lawrence W. Angola: Five Centuries of Conflict.
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Hodges, Tony. Angola to the 1990s: The Potential for
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Humbaraci, Arslan, and Nicole Muchnik. Portugal's African
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Keefe, Eugene K., David P. Coffin, Sallie M. Hicks, William A.
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Kitchen, Helen (ed.). Angola, Mozambique, and the West.
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Klinghoffer, Arthur Jay. The Angolan War: A Study in Soviet
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Marcum, John A. "Angola: Twenty-five Years of War," Current
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------. The Angolan Revolution, 2: Exile Politics and Guerrilla
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------. "Bipolar Dependency: The People's Republic of Angola."
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-----. "Radical Vision Frustrated: Angola and Cuba." (Paper
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Martin, Phyllis M. Historical Dictionary of Angola.
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Miller, Joseph C. "Cokwe Trade and Conquest in the Nineteenth
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------. "The Imbangala and the Chronology of Early Central African
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No. 4, 1972, 594-674.
------. Kings and Kinsmen: Early Mbundu States in Angola.
Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1976.
------. "Nzinga of Matamba in a New Perspective," Journal of
African History [London], 16, No. 2, 1975, 201-16.
------. "Requiem for the `Jaga'," Cahiers d'�tudes
africaines [Paris], 13, No. 1, 1973, 121-49.
------. "Slaves, Slavers, and Social Change in Nineteenth Century
Kasanje." Pages 9-29 in Franz-Wilhelm Heimer (ed.), Social
Change in Angola. Munich: Weltforum Verlag, 1973.
------. Way of Death: Merchant Capitalism and the Angolan Slave
Trade. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1988.
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Years. London: C. Hurst, 1981.
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African History [London], 7, No. 3, 1966, 361-76.
Oliver, Roland, and Brian M. Fagan. Africa in the Iron Age, c.
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P�lissier, Ren�. "Evolution des mouvements ethno-nationalistes
Bakongo d'Angola avant la r�volte du nord-ouest (1961),"
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Porter, Bruce D. The USSR in Third World Conflicts: Soviet Arms
and Diplomacy in Local Wars, 1945-1980. Cambridge:
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Rodney, Walter. "European Activity and African Reaction in Angola."
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African History. Evanston: Northwestern University Press,
1968.
Smith, Alan K. "Antonio Salazar and the Reversal of Portuguese
Colonial Policy," Journal of African History
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Somerville, Keith. Angola: Politics, Economics, and
Society. (Marxist Regimes Series.) Boulder, Colorado:
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Sykes, John. Portugal and Africa. London: Hutchinson,
1971.
Teixeira, Bernardo. The Fabric of Terror: Three Days in
Angola. New York: Devin-Adair, 1965.
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1550-1750," Journal of African History [London], 18,
No. 4, 1977, 507-30.
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African States until European Occupation. Madison:
University of Wisconsin Press, 1968.
------. "More on the Invasions of Kongo and Angola by the Jaga and
the Lunda," Journal of African History [London], 7,
No. 3, 1966, 421-29.
Wheeler, Douglas L., and C. Diane Christensen. "To Rise with One
Mind: The Bailundu War of 1902." Pages 54-92 in Franz-Wilhelm
Heimer (ed.), Social Change in Angola. Munich:
Weltforum Verlag, 1973.
Wheeler, Douglas L., and Ren� P�lissier. Angola. New York:
Praeger, 1971.
Young, Thomas. "Angola: Recent History." Pages 224-28 in Africa
South of the Sahara, 1986. London: Europa, 1985.
Chapter 2
African Statistical Yearbook, 1986, Pt. 3. Addis Ababa:
United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, 1986.
"Angola." Pages 219-39 in Africa South of the Sahara,
1988. London: Europa, 1987.
"Angola." Pages 231-52 in Africa South of the Sahara,
1989. London: Europa, 1988.
"Angola: `Criminal' Religious Sect," Africa Research
Bulletin [Oxford], 24, No. 2, March 15, 1987, 8399-8400A.
"Angola: Religious Riot," Africa Confidential [London],
28, No. 5, March 4, 1987, 8.
"Angolan Refugees Return Home from Zaire," British Broadcasting
Corporation, Summary of World Broadcasts [London]
(ME/0286/B/1.) October 19, 1988.
Bender, Gerald J. Angola under the Portuguese: The Myth and the
Reality. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1978.
Bender, Gerald J., and P. Stanley Yoder. "Whites in Angola on the
Eve of Independence: The Politics of Numbers," Africa
Today [London], 21, No. 4, 1974, 23-38.
Brooke, James. "Angolans Strive for Military Victory,"
New York Times, September 9, 1988, Sect. A, 9.
------. "Angola of 2 Minds on Economic Shift," New York
Times, June 12, 1988, Sect. I, 15.
------. "The Yearning of Refugees: Angola Unity," New York
Times, October 6, 1988, Sect. A, 15.
Carp, Carol, and William J. Bicknell. Review of Health Care in
Angola: Issues, Analyses, and Recommendations.
Washington: Family Health Care and Africare, 1978.
Childs, Gladwyn Murray. Umbundu Kinship and Character.
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Dalby, David. Language Map of Africa and the Adjacent
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Doyle, Mark. "Christians and Socialists." Pages 202-3 in Jo
Sullivan and Jane Martin (eds.), Global Studies:
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Edwards, Adrian C. The Ovimbundu under Two Sovereignties: A
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Estermann, Carlos. The Ethnography of Southwestern Angola.
(3 vols.) (Ed., Gibson Gordon.) New York: Africana, 1976.
Ferreira, Eduardo de Sousa. Portuguese Colonialism in Africa:
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Garrett, Laurie. "Deadly Virus Spreads Quietly Across Nations,"
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Harden, Blaine. "Angola Reports Hunger Is Widespread,"
Washington Post, August 14, 1987, Sect. A, 1.
"Health, Housing Problems Discussed," Jornal de Angola
(Trans. from Portuguese.) March 8, 1985, 2-3.
Heimer, Franz-Wilhelm. "Education, Economics, and Social Changes in
Rural Angola: The Case of the Cu�ma Region." Pages 112-43 in
Franz-Wilhelm Heimer (ed.), Social Change in Angola.
Munich: Weltforum Verlag, 1973.
Henderson, Lawrence W. "Ethnolinguistc Worlds: Seeing the People of
Angola in Their Language Groupings." Pages 50-60 in Robert T.
Parsons (ed.), Windows on Africa: A Symposium.
Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1971.
------. "Protestantism: A Tribal Religion." Pages 61-80 in Robert
T. Parsons (ed.), Windows on Africa: A Symposium.
Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1971.
Heywood, Linda M. "The Dynamics of Ethnic Nationalism in Angola:
The Case of UNITA, 1964-1987." (Unpublished paper.)
Washington: Howard University, 1988.
Hodges, Tony. Angola to the 1990s: The Potential for
Recovery. (Special Report No. 1079.) London: Economist,
1987.
Hoover, James Jeffrey. "The Seduction of Ruwej: Reconstructing
Ruund History (The Nuclear Lunda: Zaire, Angola, Zambia)."
(Ph.D. dissertation.) New Haven: Yale University, 1978.
Hunter, John M., and Morris O. Thomas. "Hypothesis of Leprosy,
Tuberculosis, and Urbanization in Africa," Social Science
and Medicine, 19, No. 1, 1984, 27-57.
International Committee of the Red Cross. "Special Report: Angola,
1985-1986," ICRC Bulletin, January 1986.
Joint Publications Research Service--JPRS (Washington). The
following items are from the JPRS series:
Translations on sub-Saharan Africa.
"The Bishops and the Conspiracy," Jornal de Angola
[Luanda], January 26, 1978. (JPRS 70682, No. 1884, February
24, 1978).
"BPV Activities Praised by National Secretary," Jornal de
Angola [Luanda], June 16, 1987. (JPRS SSA-87-074, August
21, 1987, 7-9).
"Conditions in Jamba Described," Tempo [Lisbon], November
26, 1987. (JPRS SSA-88-009, February 19, 1988, 9-11).
"Doctor Shortages," African Confidencial [Lisbon], April
22, 1987. (JPRS SSA-87-058, June 23, 1987, 16).
"Essential Objectives, Tasks of Angolan Reconstruction," (document
issued by First Congress of the MPLA, December 4-10, 1977)
[Luanda], December 1977. (JPRS 70891, No. 1905, April 4,
1978).
"Government Seeks to Control Religious Sect; Many Killed,"
Africa Confidencial [Lisbon], April 16, 1987. (JPRS
SSA-87-065, July 17, 1987, 14-15).
"Health College Creation Announced," Jornal de Angola
[Luanda], July 9, 1987. (JPRS SSA-87-076, August 31, 1987,
52).
"Huambo's Orthopedic Center Featured," Jornal de Angola
[Luanda], March 14, 1987. (JPRS SSA-87-061, July 1, 1987, 24-
25).
"Information on Rectification Movement," Jornal de Angola
[Luanda], January 27, 1978; January 29, 1978; February 1,
1978; and February 2, 1978. (JPRS 70711, No. 1887, March 1,
1978).
"Journalist Describes Sojourn with Unita," Expresso
[Lisbon], September 26, 1987. (JPRS SSA-87-088, November 20,
1987, 7-8).
"Journalist Describes UNITA School System," Tempo
[Lisbon], March 26, 1987. (JPRS SSA-87-051, June 2, 1987, 24-
26).
"Journalist Describes Visit to UNITA, Interview of Savimbi,"
Figaro [Paris], January 22, 1987. (JPRS SSA-87-037,
April 21, 1987, 13-18).
"Lara Discusses MPLA Congress, Scores Petty Bourgeois," Jornal
de Angola [Luanda], November 17, 1977. (JPRS 70357, No.
1853, December 20, 1977).
"Life of Angolan Students in Cuba Described," Jornal de
Angola [Luanda], March 26, 1987. (JPRS SSA-87-061, July
1, 1987, 6-13).
"Nascimento Criticizes Bishops at Provincial Commissioners
Meeting," Jornal de Angola [Luanda], March 7, 1978.
(JPRS 70863, No. 1902, March 30, 1978).
"Racism, Tribalism Detrimental to Unity," Jornal de Angola
[Luanda], February 2, 1978. (JPRS 70755, No. 1892, March 9,
1978).
"Students' Summer Labor, Literacy Programs Reviewed," Jornal de
Angola [Luanda], September 27, 1987. (JPRS SSA-88-003,
January 21, 1988, 17-18).
"Thousands Swell BPV Ranks in Namibe," Jornal de Angola
[Luanda], January 31, 1987. (JPRS SSA-87-037, April 21, 1987,
21-22).
"`Tocoist' Sect Criticized," Jornal de Angola [Luanda],
February 27, 1987. (JPRS SSA-87-061, July 1, 1987, 23).
"UNITA: The Banned Angola," Expresso [Lisbon], September
26, 1987. (JPRS SSA-87-088, November 20, 1987, 7-8).
"UNITA Has More Students in Lisbon Than MPLA," O Di�rio
[Lisbon], May 3, 1988. (JPRS SSA-88-025, June 3, 1988, 7-8).
McCulloch, Merran. The Ovimbundu of Angola. (Ethnographic
Survey of Africa.) London: International African Institute,
1952.
Marcum, John A. "Angola: Background to the Conflict,"
Mawazo [Kampala, Uganda], 4, No. 4, 1976, 3-25.
------. "Angola: Twenty-five Years of War," Current
History, 85, No. 511, May 1986, 193-96, 229-31.
Margarido, Alfredo. "The Tokoist Church and Portuguese Colonialism
in Angola." Pages 29-52 in Ronald H. Chilcote (ed.),
Protest and Resistance in Angola and Brazil: Comparative
Studies. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1972.
Martin, Phyllis M. Historical Dictionary of Angola.
(African Historical Dictionaries, No. 26.) Metuchen, New
Jersey: Scarecrow Press, 1980.
Miller, Joseph C. Angola. Washington:
Agency for International Development, February 1977.
------. "Imbangala Lineage Slavery (Angola)." Pages 205-33 in
Suzanne Miers and Igor Kopytoff (eds.), Slavery in
Africa. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1977.
------. Kings and Kinsmen: Early Mbundu States in Angola.
Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1976.
Monteiro, Ramiro Ladeiro. "From Extended to Residual Family:
Aspects of Social Change in the Musseques of Luanda." Pages
211-33 in Franz-Wilhelm Heimer (ed.), Social Change in
Angola. Munich: Weltforum Verlag, 1973.
Murdock, George Peter. Africa: Its Peoples and Their Culture
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Niddrie, David L. "Changing Settlement Patterns in
Angola," Rural Africana, No. 23, 1975, 47-78.
Ottaway, David, and Marina Ottaway. Afrocommunism. New
York: Africana, 1981.
P�ssinger, Hermann. "Interrelations Between Economic and Social
Change in Rural Africa: The Case of the Ovimbundu of Angola."
Pages 32-52 in Franz-Wilhelm Heimer (ed.), Social Change
in Angola. Munich: Weltforum Verlag, 1973.
Redinha, Jose. "Carta Etnica da Provincia de Angola." (Map.)
Luanda: Edi��o Olisipo-Editorial de Publica��es, 1973.
"Refugees and Displaced Persons in Southern Africa, 1986,"
Review of African Political Economy [London], 40,
December 1987, 67.
Robertson, Claire, and Iris Berger. "Introduction: Analyzing Class
and Gender--African Perspectives." Pages 3-24 in Claire
Robertson and Iris Berger (eds.), Women and Class in
Africa. New York: Africana, 1986.
Simmonds, Stephanie P. "Refugee Community Health Care in the
Tropics: Refugees, Health, and Development," Transactions
of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene,
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Somerville, Keith. Angola: Politics, Economics, and
Society. (Marxist Regimes Series.) Boulder, Colorado:
Lynne Rienner, 1986.
U.S. Committee for Refugees. Uprooted Angolans: From Crisis to
Catastrophe. Washington: American Council for
Nationalities Service, August 1987.
United Nations Children's Fund. "Country Programme
Profile: Angola." (Unpublished document.) UNICEF Programme
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United Nations Development Programme. "Living Conditions in the
People's Republic of Angola." Luanda: Office of the UNDP
Resident Representative in the People's Republic of Angola,
February 1984.
United States. Agency for International Development. "Development
Needs and Opportunities for Cooperation in Southern Africa,
Annex A: Angola." Washington: Bureau for Africa, Office of
Southern Africa Affairs, 1979.
------. Central Intelligence Agency. The World Factbook,
1988. Washington, 1988.
United States. Department of State. Bureau of Public Affairs.
Office of Public Communication. Background Notes:
Angola. (Department of State Publication No. 7975.)
Washington: GPO, June 1987.
United States Private Voluntary Agency. United States Government
Assessment Team to Angola. "Final Report." October 25, 1988.
Warren, Kenneth S., and Adel A. Mahmoud. Tropical and
Geographical Medicine. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1984.
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Trends in Linguistics, 1: Linguistics in Sub-Saharan
Africa. The Hague: Mouton, 1971.
Wheeler, Douglas L. "Origins of African Nationalism in Angola:
Assimilado Protest Writings, 1859-1929." Pages 67-87 in Ronald
H. Chilcote (ed.), Protest and Resistance in Angola and
Brazil: Comparative Studies. Berkeley: University of
California Press, 1972.
Wheeler, Douglas L., and Ren� P�lissier. Angola.
New York: Praeger, 1971.
World Health Organization. World Health Statistics
Quarterly, 37, No. 4, 1984.
Yu, Alan K. "The Angola Food Emergency: The Extent of the Problem
and Current U.S. Emergency Assistance Policy." (Library of
Congress, Congressional Research Service, Report for Congress,
88-653F.) Washington: October 12, 1988.
(Various issues of the following publication were also used in
the preparation of this chapter: Angop News Bulletin
[London]).
Chapter 3
Bender, Gerald J. Angola under the Portuguese: The Myth and the
Reality. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1978.
"Country's Oil Industry Discussed," African Business
[London], April 1986, 22-23.
Direction of Trade Statistics Yearbook, 1986. Washington:
International Monetary Fund. 1987.
Economist Intelligence Unit. Country Report: Angola, S�o Tom�
and Pr�ncipe [London], No. 1, 1987, 13, 16.
------. Country Report: Angola, S�o Tom� and Pr�ncipe
[London], No. 2, 1987, 12.
------. Country Report: Angola, S�o Tom� and Pr�ncipe
[London], No. 4, 1987, 2, 17.
"History of Country's Oil Development," SADCC Energy
[Luanda], June-August 1984, 11-14.
Hodges, Tony. Angola to the 1990s: The Potential for
Recovery. (Special Report No. 1079.) London: Economist,
1987.
International Telecommunication Union. 26th Report by the
International Telecommunication Union on Telecommunication and
the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space. Geneva: 1987.
International Wheat Council. World Wheat Statistics. 1986.
Joint Publications Research Service--JPRS (Washington). The
following items are from the JPRS series:
Translations on sub-Saharan African.
"Angola-Portugal: Beginning of Rapprochement?" Africa Hoje
[Lisbon], August 15, 1986. (JPRS SSA-86-105, October 16, 1986,
8-10).
"Benguela Continues Efforts to Eliminate Black Market," Jornal
de Angola [Luanda], June 25, 1987. (JPRS SSA-87-078,
September 8, 1987, 33-34).
"FRG Set to Offer Government Developmental, Economic Aid,"
Frankfurter Rundschau [Frankfurt], May 27, 1987.
(JPRS SSA-87-084, October 2, 1987, 3-4).
"KUP Comments on Chevron Partial Withdrawal" (Broadcast), February
28, 1987. (JPRS SSA-87-025, March 20, 1987, 22).
"Measures Adopted to Improve Trade," Jornal de Angola
[Luanda], October 17, 1986. (JPRS SSA-87-013, February 19,
1987, 42-43).
"Paper Provides Survey on Nation's Economy," Africa Hoje
[Lisbon], March 1986. (JPRS SSA-86-062, June 13, 1986, 8-15).
"Petrangol, Sonangol to Sign Strategic Oil Reserve Agreement,"
Semanario [Lisbon], February 21, 1987. (JPRS SSA-87-
041, April 29, 1987, 2-4).
Lloyds of London. Lloyds Ports of the World. London: 1987.
Newitt, Malyn. Portugal in Africa: The Last Hundred Years.
London: C. Hurst, 1981.
"Reportage on Sonangol's Evolution," Afrique-Asie [Paris],
March 9-22, 1987, 36-44.
Sugar Yearbook. London: International Sugar Organization,
1986.
"10 Years of Oil Industry Development Viewed," SADCC
Energy [Luanda], 3, No. 10, 1985, 11-16, 29.
United Nations. Economic Commission for Europe. Statistics of
World Trade in Steel. Geneva: 1986.
------. Food and Agriculture Organization. Monthly Bulletin of
Statistics [Rome], November 1987, Tables 16 and 20.
United States. Central Intelligence Agency. Directorate of
Intelligence. International Energy Statistical
Review. (DI IESR 84-011.) November 27, 1984.
------. Central Intelligence Agency. Directorate of Intelligence.
International Energy Statistical Review. (DI IESR 88-
009.) September 27, 1988.
United States Private Voluntary Agency. United States Government
Assessment Team to Angola. "Final Report." October 25, 1988.
World Bank. World Development Report, 1987. New York:
Oxford University Press, 1987.
(Various issues of the following publications were also used in
the preparation of this chapter: Africa Economic Digest
[London]; Africa Hoje [Lisbon]; Africa Jornal
[Lisbon]; Africa Research Bulletin (Economic Series)
[Oxford]; AfricAsia [Paris]; Afrique-Asie
[Paris]; Economist Intelligence Unit, Country Report: Angola,
S�o Tom� and Pr�ncipe [London]; Foreign Broadcast Information
Service, Daily Report: Middle East and Africa (until April
1987) and Daily Report: Africa sub-Saharan) (since April
1987); Jeune Afrique [Paris]; March�s tropicaux et
m�diterran�ens [Paris]; and West Africa [London].)
Chapter 4
"Angola." Pages 219-39 in Africa South of the Sahara,
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(Various issues of the following publications were also used in
the preparation of this chapter: Africa Confidential
[London]; Africa Contemporary Record; Africa
Report; Africa Research Bulletin (Political Series)
[Oxford]; Angop News Bulletin [London], 1987-88;
Boston Globe, 1987-88; Financial Mail
[Johannesburg], 1988; Foreign Broadcast Information Service,
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Report on sub-Saharan Africa; March�s tropicaux et
m�diterran�ens [Paris], 1988; New York Times, 1988;
and Wall Street Journal, 1988).
(Various issues of the following publications were also
used in the preparation of this chapter: Africa
Confidential [London]; Africa Contemporary Record;
Africa Diary [New Delhi]; Africa Economic Digest
[London]; African Defence Journal [Paris], Africa
Now [London]; Africa
Report; Africa Research Bulletin (Political Series)
[Oxford]; AfricAsia [Paris]; Afrique D�fense
[Paris]; Air International [London]; Atlanta
Constitution; British Broadcasting Corporation, Summary of
World Broadcasts [London]; Christian Science Monitor;
Defense and Foreign Affairs Handbook; Defense and
Foreign Affairs Weekly; Facts and Reports
[Amsterdam]; Foreign Broadcast Information Service, Daily
Report: Africa; Flight International [London];
International Defense Review [Geneva]; Jane's All the
World's Aircraft [London]; Jane's Armour and
Artillery [London]; Jane's Defence Weekly [London];
Jane's Fighting Ships [London]; Jane's Weapons
Systems [London]; Jeune Afrique [Paris], Joint
Publications Research Service, Report on sub-Saharan
Africa; March�s tropicaux et m�diterran�ens [Paris];
Soldier of Fortune; Washington Post;
Washington Times; and West Africa [London].)
